Laboratory Study of Arsenic Accumulation and Toxicity in Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5132/jbse.2006.02.003Keywords:
arsenic, toxicity, accumulation, Salvinia auriculata, Eichhornia crassipesAbstract
The evaluation of the toxicity effects of arsenic (As) and the tolerance potential of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata regarding to this element, is an important step in the selection of plants for the purpose of phytoremediation. Both species were collected at clean water bodies, disinfected, acclimatized and submitted to treatments with As as sodium arsenate at the concentrations: 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L–1. After seven days of exposure to As, the plants were washed in a solution of HCl 0.1N. Shoot and root tissues were separated, dried and weighed. The As content analyses were carried out by acid digestion of dried tissue samples followed by measurement of total concentration of arsenic by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results indicate that S. auriculata accumulated more As, presenting marginal necroses in leaves, while, E. crassipes didn’t present any visible morphological alteration. The As absorption for both species increased substantially with the external concentration and S. auriculata was more sensitive. This effect was found either for roots and shoots in both species, highlight, the higher accumulation in roots. In the treatment of 5.0 mg.L–1 S. auriculata accumulated in roots an average of 146.66 μg As g–1 dry weight and E. crassipes accumulated 56.29 μg g–1 As dry weight. Probably, the highest As accumulation in this concentration in both species, was caused by the highest proportion of arsenic/phosphate in the solution, since the arsenate absorption competes with phosphate. It was observed, along the experiment, that the “parent” plants of S. auriculata, although with leaves damaged, produced “daughter” plants healthy. This probably tolerance mechanism can be related to some process that blocks the translocation of arsenic to “daughter” plants or can be a process of acclimatization to the pollution.
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