Toxicity of the Extracts of Cyanobacteria Blooms from Tietê River Reservoirs, SP, to the Daphnids Ceriodaphnia dubia e Ceriodaphnia silvestrii (Cladocera, Crustacea)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5132/jbse.2007.02.007Keywords:
cladocerans, crude extracts, cyanobacterial blooms, microcystins, reservoirs, Tietê River, chronic toxicityAbstract
In eutrophic environments, cyanobacterial blooms frequently represent risks to human health and natural biota, due to their production of toxins that are released in the water by cell lysis. The acute and chronic toxicity of crude extracts from cyanobacterial blooms occurring in Barra Bonita and Promissão reservoirs Middle Tietê River, SP, were evaluated by performing ecotoxicological tests using two daphnids species, Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894 (exotic species) and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii Daday, 1902 (native species). Cyanobacterial bloom samples were collected in March 2006, and lyophilized in order to prepare crude extracts and to analyze the microcystin content (ELISA essay). Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing and Pseudanabaena mucicola (Huber-Pestalozzi & Naumann) Bourrelly were abundant in the blooms from Barra Bonita Reservoir, whereas M. aeruginosa was dominant in the material from Promissão Reservoir. High concentrations of total microcystins were detected in crude bloom material extracts from reservoirs (801.12 and 1,420.70 μg L–1 for Barra Bonita Reservoir and 238.78 and 932.32 μg L–1 for Promissão Reservoir). The crude bloom extracts caused acute toxicity to daphnids and C. dubia was usually more sensitive than C. silvestrii. Higher concentrations of crude extracts (80 and 160 mg L–1 for Barra Bonita Reservoir and 100 mg L–1 for Promissão Reservoir) affected adversely the survival and the reproduction of daphnids, while lower concentrations appeared to stimulate reproduction. The results evidenced the risks to the natural biota and possibly to the human health, pointing to the urgent necessity to prevent eutrophication.
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