Ecotoxicity of Terpenoids Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids to Pomacea canaliculata and a Non-target Species

Authors

  • Fabiano Carvalho de Brito Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Program in Ecology and Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-8060
  • Ismael Krüger Pescke Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Program in Ecology and Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-1753
  • Alexandre Arenzon Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Center of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9801-7411
  • Vera Maria Ferrão Vargas Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Program in Ecology and Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-5590

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2025.01.02

Keywords:

aglycones, bioactivity, Ecotoxicology, golden apple snail, molluscicide, Mutagenicity

Abstract

We assessed the ecotoxicity of oleanolic (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) on juveniles of Pomacea canaliculata and Danio rerio larvae using 96-hour acute assays. Concomitantly, we determined the mutagenic activity of both acids by Salmonella/microsome assays with TA98 and TA100 strains in the absence and presence of S9 mammalian metabolic activation. In P. canaliculata assays, the LC50 values were not significantly different throughout the experimental period, ranging from 12.53 to 11.81 mgL-1 for OA and 13.05 to 11.82 mgL-1 for UA. In D. rerio, LC50 values were significantly different at 24 and 48 hours of exposure, ranging from 0.42 to 1.21 mgL-1 for UA and 0.55 to 4.81 mgL-1 for OA. In the Salmonella/microsome assay, only UA exhibited a direct mutagenic base-pair substitution response at 6.25 mgL-1, which decreased in the presence of in vitro rat liver S9 metabolic activation. In view of the results observed, the LC50 necessary for Pomacea eradication may lead to fish larvae mortality. The mutagenesis detected in UA extracts could impact populations lacking a mammal metabolic system. OA and UA pose risks to non-target species, with UA also showing mutagenic potential. Further assessment is needed before their use in pest control.

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Published

21-07-2025

How to Cite

Brito, F. C. de, Krüger Pescke, I., Arenzon, A., & Ferrão Vargas, V. M. (2025). Ecotoxicity of Terpenoids Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids to Pomacea canaliculata and a Non-target Species. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, 20(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2025.01.02

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Original Articles

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