Chemical Contaminants in Urban Rivers: Ecotoxicological Risks to Aquatic Life and Human Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2026.01.06Keywords:
Anthropogenic pollution, Freshwater Ecosystems, toxic substances, environmental management, biomonitoringAbstract
The discharge of waste and effluents into water bodies, driven by rapid urbanization and industrial development, has been closely linked to the degradation of aquatic ecosystems and the disruption of essential ecosystem services, particularly in urban rivers. These rivers are frequently contaminated with antibiotics that promote the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, as well as potentially toxic elements (PTEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides. This review examines the ecotoxicological impacts of contaminants on urban rivers, evaluating their effects on ecosystem health and potential risks to human populations. The study was conducted as an integrative literature review following PRISMA guidelines, using the descriptors ‘Urban River’ AND ‘Ecotoxicology’ across the databases Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 245 records were initially identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as screening and eligibility assessment, 24 articles were selected for full-text reading and critical analysis. The study identifies major pollution sources and hazardous chemicals in urban rivers. In Brazil, pollution from antibiotics and PTEs continues to degrade aquatic habitats and compromise water quality, while public policies for river restoration remain in early stages, requiring broader implementation and coordinated actions across government levels. These patterns reflect a global challenge, as urban rivers worldwide face similar pressures from industrialization, urban runoff, and inadequate wastewater management.
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